kareina: (Default)
 The first few days of the week I had to commute to the office due to meetings, but the office is in a state of transition. The library at the uni is being renovated, and now that they have finished the roof they are ready to start on the indoor sections that include our offices. This means that the uni had to find other offices for us, and the result is a couple of corridors in another building, but most of us are going to wind up in large shared rooms, with up to 10 of us sharing a space. So at Wednesday's departmental meeting our boss explained that we will all need to be extra considerate of one another in the shared space and try not to make unnecessary noise. He reminded me that there are a number of small enclosed rooms available for telephone calls, and there are a variety of meeting rooms we can book, and we can always have walking meetings if needed. I don't think any of us are particularly looking forward to the new space, with the possible exception of Theresa, who tried to encourage the others in the research data group to join her working in the office on Monday and Tuesday, saying that when the movers show up to collect her things she will just pick up her notebook computer (which is all she ever uses--no external monitor at all) and walk to the new office. The rest of us have packed up the cables for our external keyboards, mice, and monitors etc. into boxes, which have been labeled as per instructions, taken our notebook computers home, and we will work from home until the movers have had time to move our desks, monitors, and packed boxes. I welcome the excuse to work from home!

Monday morning's meeting wasn't held in our corridor, but rather in a meeting room in the library of the Umeå Uni Art Campus, which is down by the river. So I took the morning bus one stop further than normal, to the University Hospital, and then had a lovely 20 minute walk down the hill. That was a half day planning meeting to work out what our group priorities are for this spring. Even though we had a break for fika, with some yummy pastries provided, by the time we were done I was starving, so I went straight to the staff lunch room of that library and warmed up my soup. My colleagues presumably went up the hill together, I didn't see them again after that. After eating I walked up the hill, chatting with Keldor on the phone as I did. Just as I got to the University Hospital at 12:30 and precisely as I reached the specific bus stop that my homeward bound bus stops at, it pulled up to the stop.  I had been wondering if I should check the bus schedule and see if there was a bus soon, or if I should go up to the office and do some archive work till my normal 14:30 bus. This lovely coincidence of the bus appearing without my needing to wait even 20 seconds, I hopped on it, and worked on the bus till I got home 1.5 hours later.

On Monday just after I got home from work I got a text message from the city water works saying that we shouldn't use the water from the taps until further notice, not for drinking, not for food prep, and not even for washing. They referred us to the web page or the customer service number for more information. It turns out that they had discovered evidence of a break-in at the Lövånger water treatment plant, and since they couldn't know the motivation, they had to assume that someone had done something to contaminate the water, so they sent samples off to the lab for testing and told us not to use the water, and that boiling it wouldn't help. Therefore they set up some water tanks at several locations in the area for people to come fetch water. Keldor and I were both skeptical of there being anything wrong with the water--we both assumed that anyone trying to poison all of the inhabitants of a small town would be a good enough mastermind criminal as to not leave evidence of a breakin. However, it was convenient for him to stop at his dad's on the way home, pick up an extra large camping style water holder, fill it, and bring it home for drinking water. I opted to do the dishwashing with local tap water, but then rinse them with the water he brought home, but used his water for drinking and cooking. This felt like a reasonable compromise between the gut instinct of "there is nothing wrong with our water" and "but it doesn't hurt to take precautions till the lab sends back the results".

On Wednesday after our morning meeting I got an email that said that my examiners have finally finished checking my corrected thesis, and they are happy with it, so they recommend the degree be awarded; please upload the final copy of the thesis to the University Library thesis repository as soon as possible, and when that is done my name will go on the list for the next degree ceremony. Needless to say, I promptly abandoned my plans to stay on campus and work till the 14:30 bus, but immediately packed my things and headed towards the bus stop. It being a little early for the 12:30 bus I stopped at two cafes on campus to see if either of them had a tempting pastry that would be a good thesis celebration treat, but nothing looked interesting. So instead I walked over to the University Hospital, and, it still being a few minutes before bus time, went into the cafe there. They had a pecan cheesecake that looked good, so I bought a piece of that to go, and happily ate it on the bus before settling in to work.

Once home I clocked out of work early and sat down to my home computer to upload my thesis to the Durham library thesis repository. Then I spent the evening mailing the link to lots of people who had said they would want a copy when it was done. 

Thursday I happily worked from home (and attended the meeting via zoom), finished painting the ceiling in the living room, and baked some yummy purple bread rolls. One of our friends once gave us a big jar of purple flour that is really tasty in bread, but the bread has unpleasant crunchy bits, so I hadn't used it in quite a while. I noticed it again when I did the great pantry cleaning on Sunday evening, and considered tossing it, but I opened it, and smelled the flour, and it smelled really yummy and not the least bit stale, so I just transferred it to the next size down jar, as the jar wasn't full. I asked Keldor what kind of flour it is, but he couldn't remember, so I had him ask the friend who had given it to us, and the answer turns out to be häggbär, which I had never heard of. The Swedish web pages I found mentioning it said that they are small, black stone fruits with a bittersweet taste and an astringent effect on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. However, they are not poisonous and can be used for juice and liqueur if they are harvested when frostbitten. In the past, they were used to give wine and liqueur a beautiful red color or as a brandy spice. However, our friend gave them to us for baking, so I clicked through the Wikipeda entry to find out that they are Prunus padus, known as bird cherry, hackberry, hagberry, or Mayday tree, and that it is a flowering plant in the rose family. It is a species of cherry. So I asked google for bird cherry recipes, and found someone who makes a cake out of a 50-50 blend of wheat and flour made from dried bird cherry. That blog post said that people are always surprised that there is no almond extract in the cake, and that the almond flavour comes from the pits, which are dried and ground with the fruit. It said that one needs to sift it to seperate the large bits of the pit, and this made so much sense to me. Both why I thought the flour smells so wonderful, as almond is by far my favourite nut, but also why the texture of the unsifted flour in bread wasn't pleasant.

So I tried sifting it, and the bread rolls turned out amazing! That evening my friend Joakim planned to drop by on his way north, so I timed the baking to be done a little before he arrived, and wrapped the basket in towels so that they rolls would still be warm for him, and he liked them too. The only down side to this flour is that you don't see the visual change in colour when the rolls are done, as they are already so purple, so you have to trust the nose alarm, and thump the bottom of the rolls or you risk burning them.

Today I also worked from home, and after work I replied to messages from people thanking me for the link to the thesis. One of the email exchanges triggered a connection in my brain, and I suddenly realised a direction I could try looking for funding to do an archaeology PhD building on my master's research. I had seen earlier this week a notice in the university news about a funding agency that helps researcher and an industry partner hire a PhD student. At the time I thought of my interest in working as an archaeologist with the Lofotr Viking museum, so I sent an email to them, and to J. at the Umeå archaeology department, asking if there might be interest in pursuing that funding, with me as the potential PhD student, and offering to help with the application. Today J. replied saying that I should never give up my quest, but saying that the funding situation isn't bright, and that he has failed to receive that particular funding on other occasions, so it isn't easy, and requires an external partner with a good enough budget to cover half the student's salary. I haven't yet heard back from the museum, but I think they are more interested in collaboration that doesn't cost salary. However, when writing the email to the co-author of the paper I wrote last year I suddenly remembered the nice people who work for the manufacturer of the Laser Ablation machine, and the ICP-MS that I used when working in the laser lab at LTU.

They were both very helpful teaching me to use the equipment. The ICP-MS guy had done his PhD at LTU developing ICP-MS techniques, so when he finished the degree he landed a job with the ICP-MS manufacturer and has happily worked there ever since. 

Today I have sent them both an email, letting them know that I had finished the degree, and where they can download the thesis and data files if they are interested, and sent them a newly updated CV. I described the funding opportunity, explained that it needs an industry partner, and asked if one or both of their companies might be interested in putting together an application with the Umeå University Archaeology department, with me as the potential PhD student. I mentioned that in exchange for funding half my salary at University rates (which are much cheaper than industry pays, but I didn't feel the need to point that out--they know) they would get my focused attention for the three months of internship, acknowledgments for their company in all of the publications arising from the research (a typical PhD by publication dissertation would need at least four journal publications, plus assorted conference publications), and additional exposure for the LA-ICP-MS methodology in the Archaeology community.

I have no idea if this will go anywhere, but if one doesn't ask it really won't, so it is worth a shot. 

The other good news of the day is the message from the city that the Lövånger water tested good and we can drink it and everything again. So Keldor celebrated by taking a long bath as I typed this.
kareina: steatite vessel (2nd PhD)
Mostly, sorta...

I have survived the ordeal of learning enough basic video editing to complete a full draft of the video. It isn't perfect, but it may have to be good enough, depending on what changes, if any, I decide want to make, and weather or not they are possible for me to achieve using the file that already exists (as there isn't time to start over from a blank project). You can see the video here
https://youtu.be/QBggT4eOrPk
(this is the edited link, of the final version of the film, which is slightly different (better transitions) from what I posted a couple of days ago)

ExpandThe documents that will accompany the video for my application are )

While the deadline to apply isn't till the first week of April, I will be traveling from late Wednesday evening (trip planned long before I saw this opportunity), so I would prefer to submit the application before I leave, so that I don't have to try to find a good internet connection, somewhere, on the deadline. Therefore, if you see this before Wednesday afternoon, and you have a suggestion for improvement of my application that you wish to share, feel free to do so. If I agree, and it is doable in the time available, I will happily do so. edited to add: therefore, I submitted the above on Wednesday morning, and edited this to show the submitted version. Any remaining problems will stand, so please don't point them out.
kareina: (Default)
Given that our shire hosted Drachenwald's Coronation in January, none of us felt up to also running our normal annual spring event JMB (short for Jungfru Maria Bebådelsedagsgille, which google translates as "Virgin Mary Annunciation Day party"), which typically has 20 to 40 people spending the full weekend at a site a half hour or so inland. But neither did we want to do nothing at all, so Keldor suggested that we do a JMB lite event here at our house, and created a FB event for, it and we even dropped it on the Kingdom Calendar, on the off chance that anyone who isn't on FB might go looking to see if we are doing something.

Between deciding to do that and now I got that tuition bill from the university, which, even though we worked out that I am correct, I do, in fact, have till the end of spring term before my funding runs out, nonetheless put me into panic thesis mode, trying to finish all of my data processing and write all the words for the thesis as fast as possible, so that I don't have to pay £2,500 a term (which, given I have no income just now, is not something I wish to do). Due to the limited amount of funded time available my thesis advisor and I agreed that, rather than doing the degree as the PhD we had originally planned, I should just down-grade to a Master's, which is a more easily achievable thesis format in a short time.

Then I saw that ad for funding, aimed at supporting two individuals who are in their final, otherwise unfunded, year of writing up their PhD results, and I dared to start dreaming again. An entire year to finish up converting all of data to a thesis would make it possible to get that second PhD after all, and would be fun, and, I think, my contribution to the science is worth the higher degree.

The funding application is straight forward: turn in a 2 page CV, a 500-word Thesis Summary, a 750 word General Interest Pitch, and... a three-minute video introducing myself and my research.

I have never edited a video in my life, and have almost never filmed video, so why not try? (I have filmed some acroyoga training, as it is a good way to look at what we are doing, and figure out what is going wrong and what we need to do different to make the pose work, and, when it does work, it is fun to have a record of it.)

Yannick of Normandy, in Insulae Draconis (he who did the wonderful trailers for Drachenwald's On-line Kingdom University Event), was kind enough to give me a two hour zoom call wherein he taught me the basics in using Lightworks, by having me edit together a couple of random segments of two of my acroyoga films, so that I could learn how to add film clips to a project, how to move them, how to select a subset of them, and discard the rest, how to overlay one over the other, with a dissolve transition from one to the next, and how to zoom and pan, and how to add a title. The result was a very short film using all of those skills, but, because it was randomly chosen bits, wasn't worth keeping.

Then I went to Luleå for my last week of work, working long days, so I practiced none of those skills directly after learning them. On my bus ride home, after doing filming of me in front of a greenscreen talking of my thesis reading a script, talking of it without a script, and even reading both the Thesis Summary and the General Interest Pitch (which gave me 45 minutes worth of film, in which I hope I have enough for the three minute film), I started thinking of the whole pan and zoom thing Yannick taught me.

I had always assumed that the panning and zooming in the yoga app videos was done by moving the camera, but, now that I have learned the skill, I understand that it is probably just video editing. However, I felt that this tool much be good to call attention to specific details in graphs or maps in my research. Then I suddenly felt inspired: GoogleEarth! That program has wonderful fly-in to your chosen location feature. But how to get that from that program into the video editing program? So I asked google, and sure enough, there are tutorials to do just that, and, it turns out, I didn't even need to use a third-party software for the screen recording, Windows has a built-in low end model, that works well enough, if you are willing to use the editor's zoom into the part of the screen you want, rather than selecting that portion before recording.

What does all this have to do with the mini SCA event at our house, you ask? Well, I got home late Thursday evening (where "home" = Keldor's dad's house in Skelleftehamn, since that is MUCH closer to the bus stop than our place is). Friday Keldor went to work, and I set to work transcribing all of my films I had made the day before, including noting where I stuttered, and if I added hand gestures, so that when I get to the part where I add me to the film, I can quickly grab the correct film to pull the words I need from. (In an ideal world I would have had a complete film plan and script done in advance, so I could have just recorded the words that would be used, in several takes, rather than needing to also record lots of additional stuff, as I just don't know yet exactly where the film is going. Apparently, I grow film projects in the same, barely planned organic way I approach most of my sewing and embroidery projects, with a strong "I will figure it out as I go" component).

I got all but one of them transcribed before he finished work for the day, and we packed up the cats and did the 35 minute drive home and got everything unpacked and put away. Then I settled to the computer with that final transcription, till time for the zoom meeting for the Drachenwald 30 Year songbook project, where I confessed that I had accomplished nothing for the project since our last meeting, due to thesis focus mode, and we delegated parts of the things I had hoped to do to others (thanks others!). As I listened to the meeting, I went to the web page where they are collecting the bits that are done, and tested pulling the list into Scrivener, copying in the plain lyrics, and adding clickable links to the various versions of each song (phf, sheet music, with chords, midi) where they exist. The meeting lasted long enough I got as far as the Ms. Then, as the meeting wrapped up, I exported the result to an epub, and sent it to the others, wondering if they think it is worth also doing an epub version of the song book. Then, at events with poor internet access one could still have the songbook in a format that is easy to read on a phone or a tablet, and, if the access is good, one could click through to the web page.

I have been wanting an epub songbook for ages, and haven't taken the time to sit down and do it. It really isn't hard to do, and would be fairly fast to just drop the old word doc for the Oerthan songbook into scrivener and convert it. It is just finding the time. The only reason doing the Drachwneald 30 Year songbook takes longer is the part about coping in the links to the other version. No one has replied to that shared file yet, so I have no idea if it is only me who likes the idea of epub, or if the idea is worth pursuing.

After the meeting I finished my transcription and got ready for bed, glad that we didn't have a normal JMB, as I would have missed all of the Friday night part of the event for work. The event announcement Keldor had done said that the event would start at 10:00 on Saturday, by which time I was sitting at the computer, happily experimenting with recording GoogleEarth fly-in to a quarry location, and fading from there to a photo of the rock from the quarry, fading to a photo of the crystal from the rock that I analysed, fading to the maps for each of the interesting elements for that crystal, one at a time (gee, it is GREAT to see the maps replacing one another like that--one very clearly sees the difference in distribution of each element!!!!).

As a result, when the first guests arrived, I don't know how much time later, I waved hello from the computer, and kept woking. A while later I was hungry, so I went out, chatted briefly with the first two visitors, accompanied them and Keldor on a tour of the house, ate some lunch, and went straight back to the computer to work.

At 15:00, I finished my first short sample film clip, which you can see on google drive here, or on FB here. So I put on some SCA garb, my hearing aids, and went out to the kitchen to discover that a number of others had arrived, so I shared with them my short film, had some dinner, during which I took of the dress I had put on, because it was too warm, and just the linen undertunic, to which I added my cotton flannel Thorsberg trousers, was more comfortable.

But as soon as I had finished eating, I returned to the computer to see how much time film # 2 would take, now that I know how to do it. That first film took five hours, the second, which you can see on google drive here (or on the same fb link, since I just edited the first post to add the next), took only 3, so clearly I am getting faster. Now I wonder how I can automate this? It must be possible to set up a template, and just drop in the sample photos and stuff from a folder, so that every sample has the exact same approach, making it easier to play the films side by side and see the differences.

When I came back out to the kitchen it was full! Well, ok, there were only 9 people, including me, and two dogs (our cats declined to join the party, but stayed hidden in the bedroom), but the kitchen is small, making it seem like a larger event than it really was. I hung out with them, and then gave Helena a tour of the house, then Lena and I did some yoga in the living room, and there was more hanging out and swapping stories.

Then I felt inspired to finally cut the fabric for a much lighter weight pair of Thorsberg trousers. I have a really light weight white cotton fabric, with a blue print that looks rather 12th Century in motief, that we found at a second hand store ages ago, and I thought at the time it would make some lovely Thorsberg trousers for wearing under a split-skirt bliaut, but I hadn't gotten around to doing anything with it. Because the fabric is so thin I wanted to line at least the square but panel and crotch rectangle with another fabric, but I didn't have anything in my stash that was an appropriate weight. So I looked in the mending pile, and saw an old light weight black cotton skirt that has been languishing waiting for someone to sew shut the rip in the fabric for ages, and saw that it was exactly the same weight as the blue printed white cotton fabric. Having survived for months without the skirt, I decided that it would make a great lining, so, since the party was just in the kitchen at that time, I claimed the living room floor for fabric cutting (and was able to cut out all the pieces without help from the cats, who were still keeping to the bedroom for reasons of people, and probably especially, dogs, in the house).

I got the pieces cut, and, since the fabric piece wasn't, quite, long enough to go from waist to ankle, but was wide enough to have extra fabric over in the middle after removing the butt and crotch pieces, I added an extra wide waist band. That chunk of extra fabric was wide enough to line up the pattern exactly, so at any distance at all, one won't see that there is even a seam there. So I started sewing the first waist band to the first leg, and left the other pieces spread out over the floor, so I wouldn't loose track of which side was up for the other leg and waist extension, and took my sewing to the next room to be sociable again.

Of course, this was around the time that some people were deciding to head home, so instead of joining folk in the kitchen, I stood, stitching in hand, talking in the entry area, as they got ready to go (and shouted twice "don't step on the sewing project on the floor!" to Keldor and the guy he was showing off all of the swords, spears, and axes that line the living room wall with. (Really, with no one, not even cats, in the room at all, it had felt safe to leave it spread out during the short time I sewed those two pieces together. Nope.)

I got the first two bits sewed together during the time we were doing goodbyes with the first group departing, and started the next set as we hung out with the last couple of folk. After they, too, left, I put down my sewing, and did a bit more tidying up after company (the guests had helped with dishwashing before departing, which was truly appreciated), crawling into bed just after 01:00. As I was setting the dawn light to get up at 06:00 for my fortnightly call with my sisters, Keldor reminded me that it was the night for the change to daylight savings, so we would soon "spring forward" an hour. So I reset the clock on the dawn light to show that it was already 02:00, and went to sleep.

When dawn went off I might have considered sleeping, but Skaði wanted breakfast, so I got up, fed her, and sat down at the computer, where I had a great time catching up with my sisters, sharing my videos with them, and getting some edits for the funding application text, as well as working on my new sewing project and hearing what they are up to.

Then I went back to bed, and slept for three more hours, which was seriously needed, during which time Keldor took this cute photo of Skaði and I:

kareina: (Default)
...for the funding application in progress. Feedback very welcome.
********************************************************************

As an archaeologist I am fascinated with the material culture our ancestors—the every-day objects that they left behind, and what these items can tell us of how they lived their lives, and of the networks that connected the individuals in one area with those of many other areas. Because I was previously trained as a geologist, I have a special love for stone artefacts, especially for those made of steatite, commonly known as soapstone.

Steatite is a special rock type, one our ancestors have used for countless generations because it is softer, more easily carved, and retains heat better than any other stone, making it a perfect choice for cooking pots, forge stones, and many other everyday objects. During the Viking Age, steatite cooking pots were used throughout Scandinavia, and everywhere else they settled, including places like Iceland, which have no soapstone quarries of their own. Because these pots were so popular and wide-spread they lend themselves well to studies that want to understand the trading networks that brought the stone pots from their quarries of origin to where they were used.
Unfortunately, steatite is not as easy to match to its source quarries as some other rock types. This is because it forms from the alteration of older rocks by hot water flowing through cracks in the rock, which causes new minerals to grow and replace the old ones. This process often leads to quarries that look like patch-work quilts, with different concentrations minerals in different parts of the quarry. Therefore, if you crush two random stones from the same quarry and analyse them to see what elements they are made from, you can get two very different results.

This is where my earlier background as a geologist comes in. I understand that in every rock there exists both the major minerals—the crystals that make up the bulk of the stone, and the accessory minerals—tiny crystals that make up less than 20% of the total. It is those accessory minerals that I am interested in, because they can tell a story of the specific temperature and pressure at which the rock formed.

This works because all minerals are built up from chemical elements, and each mineral type has its own crystal structure, with each element occupying specific places in the framework. However, most minerals also have a variety optional elements that can replace some of its normal ones, and yet still be considered the same mineral, just as a chocolate chip cookie is still a chocolate chip cookie, even if it also contains nuts, or raisins or butterscotch chips.

With cookies it is the baker who chooses which extra ingredients to use this time, but with minerals it is conditions such as the temperature and pressure it is growing in that controls which, and how many extra elements wind up with places in its crystal structure. If, during the time the crystal grows, the temperature and pressure changes, then the balance of those extra minerals will also change, making it possible for us to later read those changes.

The tool I use to be able to read these changes is called a “LA-ICP-MS”. “LA” stands for Laser-Ablation, which means using a laser to remove a little bit of the surface of a mineral, which gets sent through the “ICP” (Inductively Coupled Plasma), which is a type of very hot plasma, made by heating Ar gas. The plasma is so hot that the tiny mineral fragments are ionised, which makes it possible for the Mass Spectrometer (MS) to identify which elements (specifically isotopes) are present in the mineral (and how much of each).

The laser I use is so focused that it can remove a thin circle of mineral fragments only 10 µm (or 0.01 mm) wide, each time it fires. By firing the laser repeatedly, in rows across the surface of a rock, I send a steady stream of mineral fragment to be analysed, and the results are transformed into maps, the colours of which show the changes in amounts of each element across the minerals. Comparing these maps from one quarry with those of another makes it possible to see the differences between them—differences that were caused by the temperature, pressure, and other factors that existed during the time the minerals in the stones in that quarry formed.
By creating a database of this information it will be possible to analyse the accessory minerals in steatite artefacts to compare with my results.
kareina: steatite vessel (2nd PhD)
I won't post the 2 page CV here that will accompany my grant application, but if anyone feels up for giving me feedback on it, give me the email address with which you look at google docs, and I will give you viewing and commenting rights. Thanks!
kareina: (Default)
The below is my thesis summary for a funding application I will be making. My budget was 500 words; so far I have typed 483. There will also be a (up to) 750 word general interest pitch that will accompany the application packet (I will post that when I am happy with it)

Does the below raise any questions in your mind that I ought to answer in this document (as opposed to the other document) with those final 17 words? Do you see any redundant bits here that could be tweaked to make room for more information elsewhere in this document? If so, what topic ought the new information cover?


My thesis twines together several main threads, the combined strength of which improves our understanding of cultural heritage and the history of an important resource. I am using analytical science to develop a whole new approach for steatite provenancing, I am cataloguing archaeological assemblages to better understand the Swedish steatite material culture record, and partaking of experimental archaeology to learn the skills needed to carve and use my own steatite vessels.

Steatite, commonly known as soapstone, is a special rock type, one our ancestors have used for countless generations because it is softer, more easily carved, and retains heat better than any other stone, making it a perfect choice for cooking pots, forge stones, and many other everyday objects. During the Viking Age, steatite cooking vessels were used throughout Scandinavia, and everywhere else they settled, including places like Iceland, which have no soapstone quarries of their own.

The ubiquitous use of steatite during the Viking age, both in Scandinavia and their colonies, makes this material very well suited for archaeological studies interested in understanding exchange patterns between communities as well as ways in which even every-day household objects can reveal relative levels of status/wealth between individuals, farmsteads, and settlements.

However, while researchers have tested a variety of different approaches in their attempts to relate steatite geochemistry of artefacts to that of potential source quarries, they agree that the biggest challenge they face is the fact that soapstone is a very heterogeneous rock type, which means that analyses of “whole rock” composition can yield very different results from a single outcrop. However, while the overall proportion of minerals changes across the quarry, the accessory minerals which can be present are dependent upon the temperature and pressure at which the rocks of that quarry formed.

Therefore, this study is the first to apply techniques for understanding the growth history of specific accessory minerals (originally developed for prospecting for new ore deposits) to define differences in steatite quarries that facilitates archaeological provenancing. Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is an approach which permits the production of detailed trace-element maps of minerals to reveal changes in composition across individual crystals that arose as a result of changes in their growing conditions. An understanding of the pattern of compositional changes within a single crystal, and how that compares with the composition of crystals of the same mineral from other locations, as well as how those changes relate to differences between the conditions under which the minerals at each location grew, is a key to “fingerprinting” the various locations.

My thesis highlights such patterns of compositional change in a variety of accessory minerals which appear in steatite from various locations in Sweden and Norway, and compares and contrasts the difference in accessory mineral assemblages from different quarries. Such an approach can not only be applied to steatite artefacts from other locations, but even to other rock types.


ExpandHere is the judging criteria, for those of you who might find that interesting. )

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